Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 1484 Words

Frederick Douglass’ â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave† portrays slavery’s problems through the use of gruesome details, seeking to mainly inform the reader rather than target their emotions, being a factual autobiography rather than a fictional story, and still managing to have the progression of a fictional story regardless of it being true. Because of this, I feel it is much more effectual in displaying the issues of slavery to the reader than Harriet Beecher Stowe’s â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† was in an overall comparison. Douglass’ autobiography is incredibly vivid and clear when it comes to bloody or painful scenes. One of the most detailed examples being, Before he commenced whipping Aunt Hester...He made†¦show more content†¦Next, the tone of Douglass’ piece comes across as being matter-of-fact or focused on giving a somewhat unbiased view of the story, despite it describing his life. This allows Douglass to go into depth in a different way from â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin,† and give a different point of view or describe things that normally wouldn’t come to mind.. At the very start of this work, we read, A want of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness...the white children could tell their ages. I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my master concerning it. He deemed all such inquiries on the part of a slave improper†¦(946.) Here, Douglass simply portrays the facts of slaves being withheld from knowledge, even as basic as their birthday, how seeking to gain knowledge is seen as a terrible thing for a slave to attempt, and, a little bit beyond this section, how his father was white and possibly even his own slave master. Throughout various sections of the piece, Douglass will place a paragraph showing something akin to,†In August, 1832, my master attended a Methodist camp-meeting...and there experienced religion...If it had any effect on his character,Show MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives wa s lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

Effectiveness Of The Rotavirus Vaccine Essay - 1878 Words

Effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine in New Zealand infants between 8 weeks and three years old Abstract Background. Rotavirus is a gastrointestinal illness characterized by vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach ache and a fever. Children less than three years old are particularly at risk of dehydration from the sudden vomiting and diarrhoea, which can require hospitalisation. A vaccine against rotavirus was recommended globally by WHO in 2009, and it has recently been approved into the New Zealand immunisation schedule. As yet there are no studies following the effectiveness of this vaccine since its introduction using New Zealand study subjects specifically. Methods. In this matched case control study, cases are infants between eight weeks and three years of age who will be seen in a participating ED with rotavirus, confirmed with a positive rotavirus antigen test, between November 2014 and November 2016 in New Zealand. For every case we will enrol 1 or 2 controls who are seen in the same ED without rotavirus and they will be matched for date of birth (within two weeks) and date of visit to ED (within two weeks). Vaccine effectiveness will be calculated by 1 minus the matched odds ratio, multiplied by 100 for the percentage. Aims To measure the effectiveness of the new rotavirus vaccine against Emergency Department attendance, or admission, for rotavirus in infants between 8 weeks and three years of age in New Zealand. To try and measure the effectiveness of the vaccineShow MoreRelatedThe Cost-Effective Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States759 Words   |  3 Pages The â€Å"Cost-effectiveness Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States† article was performed to estimate the economic impact of a national rotavirus immunization program. The research question being addressed is if the implementation of a rotavirus vaccine program would be beneficial and cost effective. These are policy relevant questions because it will determine if a rotavirus vaccine program will be cost effective and valuable enough to employ. These research questionsRead MoreCost-effectiveness Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Cost-effectiveness Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States† was designed to estimate the economic impact of a national rotavirus immunization program. The research question and objective of the analysis was to determine if a rotavirus vaccine immunization program would be beneficial and cost effective. The study is poli cy relevant because it will determine if a rotavirus vaccine immunization program is effective enough for implementation and will assist in settingRead MoreThe Effects Of Vaccination On Children And Children989 Words   |  4 Pageslater, many other studies proved it wrong but mistrust of science and mistrust of government is still there (2011). For example, Phea Paul study stated that there is no evidence that autism is cause by any vaccine and therefore no reason for parents to deny a child protection in today’s vaccines offered (2009). His study shows that if comparing risks mathematically of death or disability as a result of not vaccination a child which are small, to the risks of causing an autism spectrum disorder byRead MoreThe Safety And Effectiveness Of Vaccines1743 Words   |  7 Pages When you start looking into the safety and effectiveness of vaccines you will see the same claims or statements meant to show why vaccines are absolutely necessary. However, when you take time to look at the claims with logic and common sense, you find they are largely flawed logically. The focal point of this series of article is not to point out all the tobacco science needed to make specific claims about a particular vaccine being safe or effective, or to discuss flaws in the methodologyRead MoreEssay about The Importance of Immunizations1448 Words   |  6 Pagesand updated periodically as new vaccines become available or research indicates better methods for giving the vaccines. â€Å"The recommended immunization schedule is designed to protect infants and children early in life, when they are most vulnerable and before they are exposed to potentially life-threatening diseases.† Here are the schedules for the childhood and adolescent immunizations as of the 2013 schedule. At birth all babies are given a HepB vaccine, this vaccine protects against Hepatitis B.Read MoreVaccinations Are Just One Cost Effective Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagescost effective way to decrease death rates and morbidity on a large scale. Introducing vaccines has led to nearly a 90-100 percent lowering of disease mortality and morbidity. However, controversies have erupted about whether or not people should choose to receive these vaccines or not. Particularly, should parents have the choice to vaccinate or not vaccinate their child. The decision of the parent to vaccine his or her child, is significant in protecting the overall health of a community. ThisRead MoreModern-Day Vaccine Development Raising Eyebrows Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Vaccine development is an old and complicated process, often requires more than a decade to complete. The modern system of vaccine development, regulation and testing was developed during the 20th century. To engender a vaccine mediated immunization or protection has been a major challenge. Presently available vaccines work primarily through the induction of the antigen specific antibodies. The effectiveness of any vaccine is determined by the quality of the antibodies, as their workRead MoreImmunization Program And Its Effect On Children1107 Words   |  5 PagesExpected life span has been increased over the decade with advanced medicine, sophisticated medical technology, and healthier lifestyles. Moreover, development of vaccines for numerous infectious diseases and implementation of immunization program in early childhood have reduced number of infectious disease such as rubella, polio, and small pox. Public health effort in providing vaccination to public has contributed grea tly in diminishing the number of infectious disease. Hence, vaccination programRead MoreGlobal Trend And The Issue Arising From Childhood Communicable Disease856 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction There is a global trend of increase in preventable disease due to the rising standard of medical care and improvement in human living condition. With the implementation of routine immunization program, vaccines have been proved to be very successful in defending from childhood communicable disease. However, issue exists in the maintenance of immunization coverage. Anti-vaccers, which vary in their educational background, physical condition and financial situation, challenge the necessityRead MoreGenetic Modified Potatoes Vaccines Based for Hepatitis B1091 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic Modified Potatoes Vaccines based for Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is an inflammation or enlargement of the liver in a person’s body due to the cause of Hepatitis B Virus. Eventually people with HBV will encounter in liver damage in the future. This disease occurs in most countries in Asia and Africa. There are some medications that are available viral treatment therapies and as well as vaccine shots. But now, Biotechnology has taken a turn its course by creating Genetic Modified Potatoes

Microeconomics Labor Expenditures

Question: Discuss about the Microeconomicsfor Labor Expenditures. Answer: Opportunity Cost Scarcity is a primary issue in economic decision-making. Resources are scarce and hence it is essential to ensure optimal allocation of these resources. This gives rise to the problem of choice between alternative uses of these resources (Varian, 2009). The opportunity cost of a certain use of a resource is the next best alternative use of that resource that is foregone after assessing the profitability from the two opportunities. It refers to the cost incurred from not using a resource in an alternative way. It measured by the difference in the tentative returns from the two available uses of a resource. A firm may have the choice of producing either commodity X or commodity Y, but not both. If the firm decides to produce commodity X, then the opportunity cost of producing one unit of X is the amount of Y that could be produced using the same combination of inputs but is sacrificed to employ the resources in producing X. the production of Y is the next best alternative available to the firm that is foregone (Pindyck and Rubinfled, 2009). The concept of opportunity cost not only applies to the production decisions of a firm but also to any issue that involves a choice between any two alternatives. For instance, a student may have a choice between writing an economics assignment and solving a set of problems. Here, time is the input that the student has to allocate to either of the two alternatives. If the student decides to solve the set of problems, the opportunity cost of doing the same would be foregoing the economics assignment that he / she could have written within the same period of time. Trade Deals Between u.k. and u.s.a and the Corresponding Opportunity Costs This article relates to the opportunity costs of the trade deals that are supposed to be signed between the Britain and the United States of America. In the referendum vote of 2016, Britain had proposed to withdraw its membership from the European Union by virtue of which they will have to leave by April 2019. The Prime Minister Theresa May had earlier announced that the United Kingdom will no longer continue its membership in the single market formed by the European Union. As a member of the European Union, U.K had been at a significantly advantageous position on the trade frontier. As a consequence of that, its exit from the European Union had worsened off its trade position in the world economic forum as had already been forecasted. If Britain decided to still be a part of the European free Trade Area, it would have to substantially contribute to the European Union budget. It was however predicted that the country would hold its ground on the frontier of Foreign Direct Investment which was still expected to flow in (Varian, 2009). The market volatility arising out of Brexit would be short-term. The U.K market however was considered by foreign investors as a medium to enter into the European Union market. This was to a large extent beneficial for the U.K economy. The scenario changed after the exit of Britain from the European Union. The currency had been subject to major depreciation and the economic situation was unstable. However, after some time, the economic condition began to revive. In January 2017, American President Donald Trump had a meeting with Britains Prime Minister Theresa May regarding their trade agreements. The trade deals mainly consist of the opportunity and degree of the access to their markets that the two economies will henceforth provide each other. This essentially implies the structure of tariffs and quotas. Thus the United Kingdom will have to make arrangements for different trade agreements and accordingly adjust its international trade structure. By doing this, U.K will essentially incur an opportunity cost. The alternative solution is that instead of negotiating on trade agreements with the U.S.A, it could simply open up its domestic market to the international market under conditions of free trade. The opportunity cost that U.K has to incur is primarily related to the complicated adjustment and negotiations that it is having to bear instead. If it had proposed the conditions for free trade, other countries would have free access to the ma rkets of U.K. and would in reciprocation probably provide the same to U.K. The other countries would agree to such an arrangement if they could account for a large proportion of the U.K. imports. This would also result in a comparative advantage framework where each country could produce at the lowest cost and trade among themselves (Pindyck and Rubinfled, 2009). Hence, at the time of the Brexit when the economic situation is unstable and there is short-term volatility in the U.K. market, the next best alternative to negotiating trade terms with the U.S.A would be to provide free trade access to the international economic forum. The complications associated with the trade negotiations of U.K with U.S.A. include the determination of the costs and benefits resulting out of the negotiations and how it would accrue to the different industries of the country. Different sectors stand to lose out or gain from a particular section of the agreement. U.K. will have to analyse the same and und ertake a cost-benefit analysis on such grounds. The overall outcome will be dependent on the benefits and losses accruing to the individual industries. Moreover, there would be transferring effects from one industry to another that would ultimately affect the economy on the whole. The free trade agreement would on the other hand produce some other kind of benefits for the U.K. economy. These benefits that it is foregoing in order to enter into the trade agreement with U.S.A can refer to the opportunity cost. Moreover, there is a popular belief that the U.K does not stand to benefit much on the positive side under the effects of the trade negotiations with the U.S.A. There are many obstacles that the U.K economy will have to overcome in order to go into a trade agreement with the U.S.A. Even if the trade structure is based on comparative advantage, it might not prove beneficial to the economy. For instance, U.K has a comparative advantage in the production of whisky. On the other han d, U.S.A has a comparative advantage in the production of bourbon. But this does not necessarily imply that U.K would actually generate the demand for enough bourbon to be imported. The demand structure in the economy might not necessitate import of bourbon solely due to the fact that tariffs have been reduced. Thus in order to determine the overall impact, it is essentially to analyse the effects on the overall economy by combining the comparative advantages of the different sectors. These are all part of the opportunity cost that the U.K. will have to forego when entering into a trade negotiation with the U.S.A (Bloom, 2017). Cost-Benefit Analysis And Expenditures On Labour During A Phase Of Unemployment The cost-benefit analysis of labour expenditures in public project is a significant issue in the decision making procedure of the political economy. There is always a debate regarding whether or not to hire labour in public endeavours especially in times of unemployment. The issue of opportunity cost arises in this context where the decision makers are faced with two alternatives: to hire labour and not to hire labour. This problem is mainly prevalent in economies with high levels of unemployment. Economies with full employment will not face this choice. When there is a significant magnitude of unemployment in an economy, valuing employed labour at their current wages generates social costs. Since there is unemployment, if the workers are employed in the different projects even without any significant work, there would be no opportunity cost incurred except that they could enjoy the leisure time during those hours. However, in the presence of unemployment such an opportunity cost becomes redundant. The wage earned by the workers is the benefit accruing to them. Thus the opportunity cost of working for unemployed workers is much less than the wages that are being paid to them. The social cost of unemployed labour is a serious issue in developing economies and the opportunity cost of employing labour at a high cost is foregoing the employment that might have been provided to another set of unemployed workers. The social opportunity cost of generating employment for labour which would otherwise be unemployed is actually equivalent to th e reservation wage of these workers (Dornbusch, Fisher and Startz, 2013). This is essentially representative of the value that the unemployed people allot to their leisure time which they have to give up when they are working. It is measured by the efficiency of the costs of labour during periods of unemployment. Again, when these workers are hired at a certain wage rate, the money cost is incurred by the government since it is a public project. The money is basically the revenue earned by the government in the form of taxes. Thus, ultimately, it is the taxpayers that have to bear the cost of the employed labour in the form of higher taxes paid. The benefit accruing to the workers is fundamentally the excess wage rate paid to them over and above their reservation wage. Thus different sections of the society are affected differently under such programs (Mankiw, 2012). When a worker is employed during a period of full employment, the wage is equal to the reservation wage and this is w hat denotes the social opportunity cost as well. In times of unemployment however, the reservation wage will generally be lower than the actual wage rate paid. In such cases the surplus labour is beneficial for the project under question. Thus a certain amount of gain accrues to the project from hiring unemployed labour. Thus in the case of employment in a public project, the opportunity cost arises because the authorities are faced with a choice between hiring and not hiring labour in times of unemployment. When unemployed labour is hired the government incurs the cost of the labour expenditures which in turn are paid by the taxpayers. Thus it imposes a certain kind of social cost in the society as a whole that could otherwise have been foregone by the government (Dornbusch, Fisher and Startz, 2013). Again, when the government chooses not to hire the unemployed labour, it will incur the social costs arising out of unemployment. These are essentially related to the well-being of the unemployed workers that could otherwise be employed (Haveman, 2011). Thus, opportunity costs arise in every form in the economy whenever it is faced with a choice between two different options, one of which has to be foregone in order to undertake the other. The two choices generally involve very close returns or results and hence there is a cost associated with taking up one instead of the other. Then the cost-benefit analysis has to be taken up in order to measure the relative yields from each of the choices and the option providing the relatively better return should be undertaken. In spite of that, another option which would be the next best alternative to the former has to be foregone and opportunity costs always exist (Varian, 2009). References Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2009). Micreconomics. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Varian, H. (2009). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach. 8th ed. New York: W. W. Norton Company. Dornsbusch, R. Fisher, S. and Startz, R. (2013). Macroeconomics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education. Mankiw, N. (2012). Macroeconomics. 8th ed. New York: Worth Publishers. Haveman, R. and Farrow, S. (2011). "Labor Expenditures and Benefit-Cost Accounting in Times of Unemployment," Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis: Vol. 2: Iss. 2, Article 7. Bloom, J. (2017). Reality Check: Can there be a quick UK-USA trade deal?, BBC News, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38639638, (April, 2017)

We Are Dumb free essay sample

Two thirds of high school seniors in 2006 were not able to explain an old photo of a theatre with a sign over the door reading, ‘Colored Entrance’ (The Dumbest Generation? Don’t Be Dumb). My generation spends more time using technology then we do reading. The average 15-24 year old spends less than 10 minutes a day reading (The Dumbest Generation? Don’t Be Dumb). Adult literacy is at a decline also. My generation cannot explain very important times in history. This is not only stupidity on our part; it’s an obvious failure of school systems around the country. If more then half of the high school seniors at a school in 2006 weren’t able to describe what a colored entrance was, how are we supposed to support America’s economy in the future? If we continue this way and don’t make an effort to regain our independence as the next generation, we won’t be able to. We will write a custom essay sample on We Are Dumb or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think that if we can overcome this we would be able to accomplish anything. My generation is waiting for the door to success to be opened for us; this is what makes us dumb. People aren’t going to do everything for us. My generation is very dependant on technology. On average we spend less than 10 minutes reading per day and usually when we are reading it’s a magazine or internet sites (The Dumbest Generation? Don’t be Dumb). But is the always changing world around us making this acceptable? The answer is yes. Although I believe we are the dumbest generation, I think that it’s being trained into us to be able to use a cell phone or a laptop. How are you supposed to distance yourself from the technological world when it surrounds us? Can we really unplug? What if you miss that important email from work about the meeting tomorrow? Or that text from your best friend saying they aren’t going to be at school? I think that we are the dumbest generation but we were pushed into our stupidity. We just chose not to rebel. 4 out of 10 girls will become pregnant before they are 20 years old. (Teen Pregnancy Statistics) Is teen pregnancy on the rise? No, actually the numbers are decreasing. But the statistics are still too high. Overall teen pregnancy rate has declined 19% since 1997 (Teen Pregnancy). Not very good odds, are they? Not only is this bad for the young mothers and their new baby, the government is spending almost 40 billion dollars just to help the mothers pay for hospital costs (Teen Pregnancy). On average the United States spends about 14.7 billion dollars on space exploration (Answers.com). We spend almost 3 times that amount on pregnant teens. I believe that the school system has failed. I am part of the dumbest generation. We are not able to identify obvious signs from history. The average 15-24 year old spends less than 10 minutes a day reading. Even adult literacy levels have been fading from its once high standard. The United States spends more money on pregnant teens then we do on explorations into space.

Unbowed a Memoir

Unbowed a Memoir Introduction The book ‘Unbowed- a memoir’ is a work of Professor Wangari Maathai. Just as indicated by the title of the book, it portrays memoir of the writer. The content of the book is basically an account of history that is expressed by the writer. She comes out in the book to discuss account of her life on the basis of first person’s experience. She also enlists her efforts towards the society.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Unbowed a Memoir specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The outline of the book describes the lifeline of the author that starts from her youth up to her adult life. She, for example, outlines how against difficult circumstances, she managed to pursue education in a generation when education was reserved for the boy child. She managed to survive these harsh conditions to get a university degree that she furthered to earn her PhD. In the book, she recorded her successes in lead ership as well as in the academic field. Apart from being the first woman to head a department in a university in her country Kenya, she was the first female to be awarded a PhD in the whole of east African region. The book also illustrates her social life and touches on various issues including her life in marriage. The book also talks about the author’s involvement in social activities that were meant to help and empower women in her society. Such were the cases of the green belt movement that the author founded in which women were financially empowered in a move to give them incentives into planting trees. This particular move was also her involvement in environmental development; a subject that also forms part of the book. Wangari Maathai: Biography Wangari Maathai is a Kenyan citizen from the central region of the country. She was born in the year 1940 and grew up to receive basic education. She was born at a time and to a society which never gave much value to education . To this society, a girl was not of much significance and educating a girl was really not a necessity. It is therefore true to posit that Wangari had luck on her side to have been allowed to attend a school. She subsequently received her primary and secondary education before getting the opportunity to advance her education in the US. At the United States, Maathai undertook her undergraduate studies in Mount St. Scholastica College. She pursued a course in science through which she earned her bachelors degree in biological studies. She then went ahead to earn her masters degree two years later from the university of Pittsburg in the year 1966.Advertising Looking for report on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was, however, not satisfactory for her and she embarked on her doctoral degree which she attained in the year 1971. Though she undertook her studies for the doctoral degrees in both Ge rmany and her own country Kenya, she later got the honors from the University of Nairobi in Kenya. She then worked with the University of Nairobi as a lecturer and later served as the chairman of the university’s department of anatomy. This was outstanding because she was the first woman to serve in that capacity in any Kenyan university. She was also recognized as the first woman in the entire East African region, a collection of three countries, to attain a doctoral degree. She was also the first female in the region to be awarded the honor of associate professor and later a professor (UON 1). Wangari’s outstanding performance was not limited to academic works. She became an influential member of council of women which was a national organization for women in Kenya. She joined the council in the year 1976 and had by the year 1981 been recognized in the organization which identified her efforts and offered her the opportunity to participate in its leadership. She was the chairperson of the body for about six years starting in the year 1981. She also developed interest in social activities which culminated to her efforts to aid tree planting for the restoration and maintenance of the natural vegetation which had started facing degradation. She took advantage of her active role in the national organization of women to empower women groups which she again used to plant trees. The move that started in the year 1976 was spread through women groups to gain a grass root support. This witnessed many women joining the move and campaign that led to the plantation of about twenty million trees in public social and private lands by women who contributed to her move. Her campaigns into tree planting was later extended to be a continental move with the formation of green belt movement that spearheaded tree planting in African countries. The move was also well received in the other countries. Her campaigns were later extended to fights for democracy in her cou ntry, Kenya, where she was active together with others in the war for human rights. Wangari Maathai has for her efforts received a number of honors that have included Nobel peace prize. Other awards that she has received include â€Å"the Sophie prize, the Petra Kelly prize for environment, the conservation scientist award and outstanding vision and commitment award† (UON 1). Most of her awards are international prizes that portray her as an international figure. She has in addition been involved in the United Nations boards among other involvements in international organizations. Her leadership role has also been felt in her country’s political arena in which she became a member of the Kenyan national assembly and an assistant minister in the country’s executive arm of government (UON 1).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Unbowed a Memoir specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the life of Wangar i Maathai has been viewed as that of great success with respect to the contributions that she has made to developments and her achievements in academic fields and activism, her personal social life has not been particularly smooth. Her establishment as an activist was for instance facilitated by her former husband’s political position. As he sought political office in the year 1974, her husband made a promise to undertake tree planting activities to the region that he was to represent. It was from this political perspective that Maathai started the environmental campaigns into tree planting. Her marriage however failed to work as her husband later walked out on her. She was left with her three children and a divorce was to follow. The reasons for the divorce that was filed by her husband was on the basis that she had proved to be uncontrollable, contrary to the expectation that as a woman and an African woman for that matter, she was supposed to be completely submissive to he r husband. This did not however deter her goals to success. Concerns of the Book The missions of the author that she revealed in her encounter with her country and the world at large is a combination of social and public concern. The book, for example, highlights a number of issues that are of social value as well as those that are of public interest. Social concerns refer to concerns over behavior of organisms and how such organisms relate with each other. A description of the life of the author as well as her interaction with other individual thus illustrates social concerns. The term public on the other hand refers to the developments that cover eternity of a population. Public concerns go beyond social issues to include politics and even economic issues in a set up. One of the issues that the author portrays is the capacity to focus on success. Her strife for success is evident from a personal point of view to the general point of view. The first instance that illustrated the dr ive to succeed by the author was her academic achievements. Born in a set up that had low regard for education at the time, Wangari Maathai struggled against all odds to gain access to and pursue academics. She did not just limit her success to education to the then recognized standards in her country or to any women in her society that she could look up to, but did her best to gain the best possible out of education. The autobiography of the author also revealed her social concerns over the issues about women in the society. Her involvement and success in the national women’s conference in her country is another illustration of concern that she had over women. That is why she went to interact with them and at the same time offered leadership to them. Social torture due to segregation and discrimination also formed part of the concerns that are raised in the book. While in the United States of America pursuing her studies, Wangari Maathai experienced social degradation that w as directed to the non white people.Advertising Looking for report on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Illustration of the fights for civil rights in the country at that time and cases of racial discrimination that were coupled with the assassination of Kennedy, the then American president were raised in the book. Through the book Wangari described her ordeal in marriage life to discuss social marital issues in the African society. The cultural set up of the African society is revealed in which women are expected to be submissive in marriage and totally obedient and dependent of their husbands. A woman is for instance portrayed to be under the husband in every aspect for a peaceful coexistence. This actually formed the basis of her divorce as her husband felt threatened by her success. Her academic position became a threat to her husband who felt a threat of loss of control of the wife as per the traditions. A divorce application was then to follow. She also described the harshness that the society induced on a person who was already in a suffering state. Following her husbandâ€℠¢s application for divorce, her employer, the University of Nairobi, which was managed by men, added to Maathai’s sorrows by striping her off her job and withdrawing services that had been allowed to her as an employee. She thus described a socially insensitive society. The concerns raised by the author also bordered across social issues to cover public concerns not just in her immediate society but to her entire continent and the world at large. The quest to preserve the environment that started in Kenya and later spread across all of Africa is an example. She illustrated how social downfall can be converted into success as this move was stimulated by her divorce. Her involvement in mobilizing and empowering women to plant trees was more of a public move as well as a private social initiative of giving back to the society. She also revealed public issues that concerned her country whose leaders acted as puppets to the government of the United States to help Americans in the cold war motives. Kenya was used during the cold but after which the Americans turned hostile to the regime. It was quite ironical that the American government turned to criticize the same government that it had been tolerant to during the cold war period. This criticism was, however, beneficial to the Kenyan people as it facilitated the multiparty democracy, a war that Wangari Maathai was part of. Her public ordeal was also expressed when she joined her country’s legislative system in the year 2002 and served in the country’s executive arm of the government. The book thus describes the leadership roles played by the author in both social and public aspects (Maathai 1). The main Characters in the Book The book is basically an autobiography of the author, Professor Wangari Maathai. Its outline revolves around her with instances and experiences that she came across in her life. The author is therefore the sole main character in the book. She can be categorized as a socia l entrepreneur. This is because her ventures that included the possession, innovation and implementation of ideas were aimed at investing for the benefit of the society as a whole. The initiatives that she attributed to herself and which are actually true were in general terms geared towards the benefit of the general public. Initiatives such as the tree planting drive that later led to the development of the green belt movement was an environmental conservation move for the entire ecosystem of the society. Her later involvements such as the campaigns for writing off of debts owned by poor countries were another instance of a public initiative for the society. Contrary to personal attributes such as private commercial investments, the Nobel Prize winner has been credited with a number of global prizes for her social initiatives. Significance of Maathai’s Work The initiatives of Wangari Maathai have been significantly felt not only in her own country but also at the internatio nal community. Her initiative for tree planting was, for example, successful with records of about thirty million trees being planted following the initial initiative. The significance of the tree planting exercise as it was felt in Kenya was also what led to its adoption in other African countries that later adopted it both under the green belt movement and as independent national initiatives. Her recognition by the international community that also led to her winning the Nobel peace price, a globally adored award, following her initiatives was also an indication of the success of the moves that she made. Wangari Maathai’s significance was also felt in her own country where she has always been at the fore front in the fight to protect environment. She was, more than once, in controversy with the country’s former regime over grabbing of forest lands and recreational facilities. Though she was brutally assaulted in her campaigns, she succeeded in opposing moves by forme r governments to grab lands such as Karura forest, arboretum and Uhuru Park. These grabbings were being driven to award political cronies of the then president. Her influence is still being felt as she contributes to sittings in the United Nations general assembly as well as her continued social campaigns in her country. Means to Accomplishment of her Social Objectives From the works of Maathai, her social responsibility has been evident in the protection of the environment as well as leadership among women. Though she has been at the forefront as the initiator and leader of her social programs, her success has been originating from people. This has been true even outside her political activities. Her ability to draw grass root support was particularly evident in the year 2002 when she vied for a parliamentary seat and won by more than ninety percent. Her initiatives such as the first tree planting exercise were particularly achieved through the participation of women in Kenya whom she mobilized for the activity. Her anti government campaigns were successful and were achieved through organized protests in which significant number of people, significant enough to stop a government, participated. Though she attracts and moves with the crowd towards attaining her objectives, Maathai does not allow the crowd to drive her from her principles. This was particularly the case in the year 2007 when she refused to yield to tribal pressure from her tribe that called for her support of the then president who was her fellow kikuyu. She stood by her principles that cost her parliamentary seat. Most important points made by the author and how she tried to prove them The author addressed a number of issues that ranged from personal life to social and political activities. Some of the major points that she illustrated under her experience included being principled, being success oriented and socially accountable among others. The story line of the life and experience of Wangar i Maathai, whether as revealed in her success or in her failures, are based on sticking to and pursuing what she believes in. Considerations of her illustrated set backs such as her divorce and her lost parliamentary seat were particularly due to her being principled to what she believed in. Her marriage was also lost due to her power which was a threat to her husband’s desire for manly supremacy. Wangari, being faced with problems such as isolation and discrimination refused to bow down to the traditional demands of men’s dominance in her society and moved on. Her failure to retain her parliamentary seat was also due to rejecting the sycophancy of tribal game that that her tribe wanted from her. Her successes such as environmental campaigns among others have also been driven by the principle to fight for what she believes is right no matter what it costs. Her pursuit to success as well as the effectiveness in academic life and social responsibility had been based on h er principles from which she dedicates to whatever she identifies to undertake. Evaluation of the book The biography of Maathai is impressive to me on a personal evaluation. The whole life history, both with respect to her success or failures that turn out to give the basis of her qualities, are influential. Circumstances that influence me about the book include Maathai’s education, her divorce as well as her struggle to attain what she believed in. Her academic achievement is impressive to me because of the nature of the environment from which she came. In her country as well as other third world countries, education for girls is still being considered a luxury even after more than half a century after she managed to acquire education to a doctorate level. This illustrates her extra ordinary nature in regard to her society. The way in which she handled her divorce is also impressive in that contrary to the expectation of the weak nature that was expected of women in the soci ety and the complete dependence of women upon men, Maathai proved her society wrong and actually gained strength from the divorce. It was after the divorce that she started active involvements in social responsibility which has been successful. Her involvement in social responsibility is also impressive in the way in which she has been able to put self interest aside and conduct initiatives for the general benefit of the society. The book through the qualities of Wangari Maathai has offered me an insight into social entrepreneurship regarding properties such as being selfless, principled and determined. This is because these properties form the basis of the success that the author has made in her life time. Though the book is based on the biography of an individual who lived in a different environment from me as well as longer time period, there are a number of personal experiences that I have had in life that relates to the themes of the book. Some of the experiences include academ ic success, though not to her level and participation in social forums such as youth groups. Though the book is comprehensive, it left out some important issues about the author such as her winning of the Nobel peace price award which is a motivational factor to readers. The award being the highest ever won by the subject ought to have been included to portray the actual significance that her efforts have yielded. The illustration of the book especially under social responsibility points out to the required participation at both individual and even organizational levels to the society. The corporate responsibility and diplomatic involvements in social duties should not be based on personal interest but on societal interests. The content of the book is satisfactory from my personal point of view and I like every aspect of it. Conclusion The presentation of the author’s life to success in her academics which later made her successful in her social responsibilities is inspiring. Her sponsorship into academic success being a form of social responsibility drives the feeling that social responsibility towards individual people can empower and influence them to give back to the society in a more productive way. The book has thus inspired me to invest in social responsibility for an improved society in future. Maathai, Waangari. Unbowed: A Memoir. Anchor Books. London: UK, 2007. Print. UON. Prof. Wangari Muta Maathai. University of Nairobi, 2011. Web. https://www.uonbi.ac.ke/index.php?q=node/53

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Sample

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Sample â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller As it happens in many cases the literature does not simply tell fiction stories, but illustrates some ideas connected with a modern for the author society. Among such examples one can find the tragical drama â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, a play written by the outstanding American dramatist Arthur Asher Miller in 1949, is a work of art, revealing the tragedy of American Dream conception through the sorrowful history of unfortunate salesman. In this play Miller does not only depict an average American family, but draws a parallel between the family microcosm and the society, in which the dream of wealth and prosperity appears to be the most significant for the main hero of the story. According to Meyer â€Å"Miller placed his characters in a social context so that their behavior within the family suggests larger implications: the death of this salesman raises issues concerning the significance and value of the American dream of success (Meyer, 1401). American Tragedy Several examples from the play can prove this idea. Miller emphasizes the family dynamic as the father wants to take care of his sons and help them to become successful businessmen, but his sons, especially Biff, have got different ideas about what is important in life. These disagreements about life values foster the central conflict of the drama. All the family members Willy, Linda, Biff, and Happy represent the father, mother, and two sons of the average working class American family, where the father is the old-fashioned man, who believes that hard work, and regular income is the greatest value, the mother is always supporting her husband, and the sons are the representatives of a younger generation, whose more modern views hinder their father to fulfill his dream about success. Linda, who loves her husband above all, supports Willy and tries to help him in persuading their sons about finding job as she knows that Willy is addicted to the dream of success and money, but, conseque ntly, the attitude to work leads to problematic relationship between the family members. Finally, neglecting the human qualities in the family appears to be the crucial reason for Willy Lonman’s failure. Therefore, Miller tries to show his readers the impact of the society values on people. Having grown in the American society with its value of the American dream of success becomes destructive to the individuals. Along with artistic prerequisites, the author provides us with the analysis of social ills that the society has not only in the United States of America, but also throughout the whole materialistically oriented world. He does this by virtue of reflecting of separate individuals lives and the destiny of their relatives. Based on the American Dream worldview, the author displays the nayward of the wealth-oriented perspective. Moreover, he touches upon such issues as ethics distortion, relations between genders and relatives, and commercialism. The critique of the Death of a Salesman, written by Robert A. Martin, artfully describes the topic and gives a basis for being able to reason on the issues that the author provided and, simultaneously, to dispute on several Martin’s assertions. What is oblivion? What is delusion? All this refers to the state of mind, which confines one’s conscience within the frame of defined condition, and makes it harder to interpret reality in the way that makes it possible to accept it, despite all the obstacles. The person who is able to get rid of all of the illusions is a happy one. It is not the case with Willy Loman. He has a wife and two sons, and a great desire to become a successful merchandiser, trying to make the same of his older son, Biff. However, he fails: own success runs away, as well as his son, who does not wish to devote his life to the father’s profession. It is the reality, which is invisible for Willy, since he lives in a mirage. His life is ruined despite he does not observe it. And who is liable for that? In this play, Miller makes it possible for a reader to understand that the blame is both upon Willy Loman and the society he lives in. Wealth, career and reputation – these are the commandments that should be observed in order to have a happy life. That is what Willy Loman believes in. He is able to sacrifice everything in order to carry out these rules: morality, dignity and the happiness of his relatives. These rules exist in any place where one believes that the fortune issue depends on the external, material, or social circumstances. It is remarkable that Willy, as the main character of Death of a Salesman, is displayed by Miller as a religious fanatic. And his religion is American Dream itself. Such social illness promotes the means of psychological and moral breakdown of the personality, who is not able to fulfill the due self-imposed obligations. Thus, one can see that it constitutes both in mental and moral illness of Willy. He is living simultaneously in the past, present and future time and, therefore, occasionally, he cannot distinguish them. On the other hand, the moral illness represents itself i n double standards that Willy has forced to propagate. As it was mentioned earlier, the altar that was used by Willy in order to be able to sacrifice the victim of happiness stands in the temple of Success. And the society has built that. The principal issue here is that there is a blinding impact of the former on its members that cruelly draws a line beneath everyone, who has incredibly various personal features and subconscious strivings. And Willy is one of them. In this play, Miller artfully and furiously discloses such influence of the society that imposes values, which are not suitable for the majority of people. The author gives an excellent example of the aforementioned by virtue of endowing of Willy with love to plant growing and with adoration to nature in general. He notices the morning sun in the window when he just wakes up. He notices it even despite the fact that the sun radiates its rays through the stonewall massifs of the Brooklyn structures. He desperately tries to plant some seeds about his house after returning home from the restaurant, in which his own children abandoned him. The inability of Willy to get to know himself, along with the incorrect social impact put him in a quite sorrowful condition. Miller expresses the representation of such impact via Willy’s brother image. Ben is a very successful man, who â€Å"walked into jungle and comes out, the age twenty-one, and he’s rich!† (Miller 28). At the same time, means that are used by him are quite strange, which is indicated by Ben’s advice to Biff: â€Å"Never fight fair with the stranger, boy. You’ll never get out of the jungle that way† (Miller 34). Thus, Willy’s brother personifies the image, which is the motive power that forces people to devote themselves to the things they are not fond of. The question is whether Willy Loman is right when he sacrifices his life for extra 20,000, and if he is a hero or a victim. The question is quite disputable. One side of the coin indicates the greatness and unselfishness of such an act, while another side is the fact that his deed is just a desperate and needless jerk. Robert A. Martin is absolutely right asserting â€Å"Willy is more than a victim of his society – he is a tragic victim in that he believes it is necessary to sacrifice his life in order to provide for his son† (103). And it is true. There is no need in such a deed. The situation is not critical. On the contrary, it is almost resolved. Thus, Robert A. Martin is right by saying that unknowingly Willy is striving to â€Å"retreat from the competitive business world to an agrarian, manual labor-oriented way of life† (105). That was his real dream, the dream of his soul. That is the tragedy that Miller revealed in order to indicate the inconsistence of success-oriented worldview. The tragedy that blinded the due world and true desires perception of Willy, as a member of the cruel society. The society forces him to give up his life for the purposes he actually does not believe in. To conclude, it is necessary to point out that in his play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller truly depicts the one of the most considerable issues that the American society and the entire humanity shall pay attention to. Partially, the American Dream concept, or in general the blind willingness to succeed materially, creates incentives in minds of the people that are potentially able to make their lives and those of their relatives agonizing and unhappy. That is what one can see in this play. Willy’s fanatic striving to fulfill all the three commandments of success results in the deprivation of the things that are more valuable than wealth, reputation and career. These are family, morality and internal strivings. Both Willy and the society he lives in are liable for the things that happened. Thus, Miller artfully describes the wide range of ills of society through the life of separate individuals, and makes it clear that sunshine and fresh air sometimes are more valuable than all material strivings.

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LAW - Essay Example Being suspicious of a person is reason enough to warrant the officer asking questions of the individual but searching violates the Constitution. Others cite the safety of the officer as reason enough to allow them to search anyone they deem to be acting in a suspicious manner and if something illegal is found, it should be admissible evidence in court. The Supreme Court overwhelmingly agreed with the latter opinion. A detective on duty in Cleveland saw two men walking back and forth in front of a store, staring in the store’s window then speaking with a third man. The men were observed repeating this action about two dozen times. The detective thought these men may be ‘casing’ the store and intended to rob it at a later time so he approached them, had them turn around, raise their hands and ‘patted them down.’ Two of the three were found carrying weapons, Terry and Chilton, who were arrested and charged with concealed weapons violations. The seemingly simple case that more likely would have been settled in a municipal court became a test of the U.S. Constitution. At the trial, the defense argued that the facts of the case did not satisfy the definition of probable cause therefore the weapons were illegally seized, a violation of the Fourth Amendment, and should not be allowed as evidence during the trial. Of course this would have lead to an immediate dismissal of the case. The prosecution countered that the detective was within his full legal right to ‘frisk’ the men, that the evidence satisfied the definition of reasonable cause and the officer’s safety was dependent on this interpretation of the law. The court decided that the officer did have reasonable cause to believe the suspects were armed and were within his legal right to search them. It also declared that stopping an individual for questioning did not require the level of probable cause that is needed prior to making an arrest,